Beneficial effects of SGLT2 inhibitor in diabetic patients with metabolic syndrome

Background

Canagliflozin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, increases urinary glucose excretion leading to improved glycaemic control, body weight, and blood pressure in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients [1-4]. These improvements suggest that canagliflozin may be an effective treatment for improving the components of metabolic syndrome in T2DM patients, including dyslipidaemia, central obesity, hypertension and glucose intolerance.

In this post-hoc analysis, the effects of canagliflozin versus glimepiride (study 1, on a metformin background) and versus sitagliptin 100 mg (study 2, on a metformin and sulfonylurea background) were evaluated in patients with T2DM and metabolic syndrome [5,6].

Main results

• At week 52 in study 1, canagliflozin 100 mg was associated with similar reductions in HbA1c compared with glimepiride at week 52. Canagliflozin 300 mg was associated with greater reductions in HbA1c compared with glimepiride.
• Compared with glimepiride, canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg led to greater reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, SBP and DBP.
• Canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg were associated with larger increases in HDL-C and LDL-C, as well as with numeric reductions in triglycerides versus glimepiride at 52 weeks.
• After 52 weeks, 87% of patients in the canagliflozin 100 mg group, 86% of patients in the canagliflozin 300 mg group, and 93% of patients in the glimepiride group met the criteria for metabolic syndrome diagnosis.
• At week 52 in study 2, canagliflozin 300 mg led to greater reductions in HbA1c and FPG versus sitagliptin 100 mg, as well as greater reductions in body weight, BMI, waist circumference, SBP and DBP.
• Increases in HDL-C and LDL-C and reductions in triglycerides were seen with canagliflozin 300 mg versus sitagliptin 100 mg.
• The proportion of patients who met the criteria for metabolic syndrome at 52 weeks was 89% in the canagliflozin 300 mg group and 95% in the sitagliptin 100 mg group.
• In the overall population of each study canagliflozin was generally well tolerated.
• In study 1, compared with glimepiride, canagliflozin 100 mg and 300 mg were associated with higher incidences of genital mycotic infections (male 1.1 vs 6.7 and 8.3% resp., female 2.3 vs. 11.3 and 13.9% resp.), urinary tract infections (4.6 vs 6.4 and 6.4% resp.) and osmotic diuresis–related AEs (1.7 vs. 5.6 and 6.2% resp.).
• The incidence of documented hypoglycaemia was significantly lower with canagliflozin 100 and 300 mg versus glimepiride (5.6 and 4.9 vs 34.2% resp.).
• In study 2, compared with sitagliptin 100 mg, canagliflozin 300 mg was associated with higher incidences of genital mycotic infections (male 9.2 vs 0.5%, female 15.3 vs 4.3%) and osmotic diuresis–related AEs (5.0 vs 2.4%) and the incidence of urinary tract infections was similar between groups (4.0 vs 5.6%).
• When added to a background of metformin and sulfonylurea, the incidence of documented hypoglycaemia was similar with canagliflozin 300 mg and sitagliptin 100 mg (43.2 vs 40.7%).

Conclusion

References

Find this article online at Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes