Physicians' Academy for Cardiovascular Education

Echocardiographic measures in patients treated with ARNI early after high-risk AMI

Impact of Sacubitril/Valsartan Compared With Ramipril on Cardiac Structure and Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction: The PARADISE-MI Echocardiographic Substudy

Literature - Shah AM, Claggett B, Prasad N, et al. - Circulation. 2022 Sep 9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.059210.

Introduction and methods

Background

ACE inhibitors such as ramipril not only reduce the risk of adverse outcomes, but also attenuate left ventricular (LV) remodeling and systolic dysfunction after high-risk acute myocardial infarction (AMI) [1-3]. Preclinical studies suggest similar effects of the ARNI sacubitril/valsartan after experimentally induced AMI [4-6]. However, treatment with sacubitril/valsartan is not associated with improvements in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and LV and left atrial (LA) size in patients with asymptomatic LV dysfunction late after AMI, compared with valsartan [7]. It is unclear whether treatment with sacubitril/valsartan early after high-risk AMI improves cardiac structures and functions, compared with ACE inhibition.

Aim of the study

The aim of this substudy of the PARADISE-MI trial was to test the hypothesis that treatment with sacubitril/valsartan improves LV function and attenuates adverse remodeling in patients with high-risk AMI, compared with ramipril.

Methods

The investigators conducted the PARADISE-MI Echo Study, a prespecified substudy of the PARADISE-MI trial in which 544 of the 5661 trial participants (mean age: 64 years; 26% female) underwent protocol echocardiography at randomization and after 8 months. Patients with spontaneous AMI complicated by LV dysfunction or pulmonary congestion were randomized within 0.5-7 days of presentation to receive a target dose of sacubitril/valsartan 200 mg or ramipril 5 mg twice daily. Additional inclusion criteria specific to this substudy were: (a) sinus rhythm at the time of randomization; and (b) adequate quality of echocardiogram to determine LVEF and left atrial volume (LAV). Echocardiography was performed in 457 (84%) of 544 patients after 8 months.

Outcomes

The coprimary outcomes were change in LVEF and LAV from baseline to 8 months. Predefined secondary outcomes were change in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) and left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) from baseline to 8 months.

Main results

Changes in echocardiographic measures from baseline to 8 months

Association of echocardiographic measures and clinical outcomes

Conclusion

This prespecified substudy of the PARADISE-MI trial shows that treatment with sacubitril/valsartan early after high-risk AMI does not result in significant differences in change in LVEF, LAV and LVESV from baseline to 8 months, compared with ramipril. Patients treated with sacubitril/valsartan however demonstrated less increase in LVEDV and greater improvement in filling pressure from baseline to 8 months than patients who received ramipril.

References

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Find this article online at Circulation.

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