In a subanalysis of the DAPA-HF study, dapagliflozin improved CV outcomes in HFrEF patients when compared to placebo, irrespective of baseline SBP.

This 2020 expert consensus decision pathway (ECDP) provides practical guidance on the use of SGLT2i and GLP-1RAs for reducing the risk of CVD in patients with T2DM.

This substudy of the PARAGON-HF trial demonstrated that in HFpEF patients, sacubitril/valsartan reduced the risk of a composite of renal outcomes and attenuated decline in kidney function compared to valsartan alone.

ESC 2020 Ertugliflozin reduced time to first HF hospitalization, total HF hospitalizations and total HF hospitalizations/CV death events in T2DM patients with ASCVD.

ESC 2020 Using data of the UK Biobank, this study showed that BMI and a polygenic score for diabetes have independent and additive effect on lifetime risk of diabetes, and should be used in combination for risk prediction.

ESC 2020 The DAPA-CKD trial showed that dapagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of kidney failure, CV death or HF hospitalization, and all-cause mortality in patients with CKD, with and without T2DM, compared to placebo.

This comparative cohort study used data from clinical practice from 13 countries. Results showed that initiation of SGLT2i vs. DPP-4i in adults with T2DM was associated with lower risks of HF, death, MI and stroke.

Treatment with the PCSK9 inhibitor evolocumab reduced a composite of CV events compared to placebo in ASCVD patients with and without metabolic syndrome in a similar degree.

Results from the EMPEROR-Reduced trial showed that the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of CV death or hospitalization for heart failure in HFrEF patients with or without diabetes.

T2DM patients who developed HF alone or in combination with stroke, CKD or PAD had the highest 5-year risk of death and the greatest decrease in lifespan when compared with development of other CV and renal diseases.

Treatment with the GLP-1RA dulaglutide for a median of 5.4 years resulted in a reduction of cognitive impairment compared to placebo in T2DM patients ≥50 years, in an exploratory analysis of REWIND.

Prof. Davies talks about the interrelationship between T2DM, CVD (including heart failure) and CKD and how treatment with GLP-1RAs affects these interrelated systems.