"It has become apparent that the reduction in atherogenic lipoproteins drives CHD protection by CETP inhibition - not changes in HDL-c", says Prof. Kastelein. He explains this statement by findings from studies.

Prof. Packard gives a short overview of where we stand with regard to innovations for lipid lowering - in the secondary, primary, and primordial setting.

A systematic review and meta-analysis identified several biomarkers that predicted outcomes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which have the potential to improve risk stratification in this patient group.

Analysis of a population-based cohort showed sex-specific differences in the association of daily potassium intake with both SBP and CV events. In women, sodium intake modified the association with SBP.

A randomized study compared the 3-year efficacy and safety of moderate-intensity statin plus ezetimibe versus high-intensity statin monotherapy in patients with ASCVD.

There have been no direct comparative studies of inclisiran, evolocumab, alirocumab, bempedoic acid, and ezetimibe in patients with hypercholesterolemia and increased cardiovascular risk receiving maximal tolerated statin therapy. A network meta-analysis may provide further insight.

This study indirectly compared the effectiveness of andexanet alfa versus four‑factor prothrombin complex concentrate in adults in whom anticoagulation reversal is needed because of apixaban- or rivaroxaban-related life-threatening or uncontrolled bleeding.

The CANVAS biomarker substudy showed that canagliflozin delays the expected increase in CV biomarkers in T2DM patients. It also reduces the risk of HF and renal disease events irrespective of biomarker levels at baseline.

During a short run-in period of the LIFE trial, 18% of patients with advanced chronic HFrEF were intolerant of low-dose sacubitril/valsartan. Intolerance was predicted by several risk factors, such as low serum chloride.

The VICTORIA trial showed beneficial effects of vericiguat in patients with HFrEF. However, it is unclear whether this drug is also effective and safe in patients with HFrEF who are treated concomitantly with sacubitril/valsartan.

Prof. Raal presents a case of a 16-year old female with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) and discusses the cumulative LDL-c lowering effects of different therapies in this patient.

Prof. Solomon talks about unanswered questions with SGLT2 inhibitors and discusses the study design of the DELIVER, a phase 3 trial with dapagliflozin in patients with HF and LVEF>40%.